What is depicted on a topographic map?

Topographic maps are specifically designed to represent the three-dimensional features of the terrain in a two-dimensional format. The correct choice highlights that topographic maps display spot elevations and contours, which are essential for understanding the shape, elevation, and gradients of the land. Spot elevations provide specific points of elevation, while contour lines connect points of equal elevation, indicating the slope and steepness of terrain. This information is vital for activities like hiking, land surveying, and urban planning, as it allows users to visualize the landscape and make informed decisions based on the relief and elevation changes within the mapped area.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of mapping. Some only consider infrastructure, while others may depict land use or visual representations like satellite imagery, which do not encapsulate the detailed elevation relationships crucial for understanding topography.